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Asplenium musifolium

Mett. (1859)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Pteridophyta Class/Clade: Polypodiopsida Order: Polypodiales Family: Aspleniaceae Genus: Asplenium

‘ēkaha [ekaha], ākaha [akaha], bird’s-nest fern, ēkaha kuahiwi, ēkahakaha [ekahakaha]

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Sori:

Gametophyte:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

  • This plant is used in a treatment for ‘ea and pa‘ao‘ao. A liquid is made of strained ‘ōkaha leaf shoots, ‘ohi‘a lehua leaf buds (Metrosideros spp.), ‘ohi‘a ‘ai bark (Syzygium malaccense), ‘āla‘ala wai nui pehu (Peperomia spp.), ‘aka‘akai ‘oliana (onion, Allium cepa), and kōkea (white sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum). Another variation combines ‘ōkaha leaf shoots, kukui nuts and flowers (Aleurites moluccana). For body sores (puho kolokolo koko‘ole), an ointment is made from ‘ōkaha leaves, salt, ‘auko‘i (Senna occidentalis), and kō(Chun 1994:67–68).

  • Used on hula altars (kuahu) (Emerson 1909:19). Midrib used to decorate lauhala items (Bornhorst 1996:77; Valier 1995:62), canoe-building ceremony in which the tree stump was covered with ‘ōkaha before it was shaped (Bornhorst 1996:77).

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • Buy plant from nursery, water regularly & transplant into successively larger pots; can be put in tree spreading roots in fan shape & tied to branch; water well till established & then twice a week after that (Bornhorst 1996:76–77). It grows somewhat slowly (Hoshizaki & Moran 2002:199).

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Lana'i Indigenous
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Bibliography

Name Published In: Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. 3(1): 130 (1859)

Other References

Palmer 2003:70 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H [as A. nidus]); Staples & Herbst 2005:28 (DESCR); Thomas, Tribble, et al. 2025 (A. nidus misapplied, in part = A. musifolium); Forbes 97.L BISH (L†, 1913)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Asplenium musifolium Kaneohe near Maunawili ditch trail. Upper drainage along the Koolau pali. Remnant lowland wet forest with Touchardia latifolia, Cyrtandra spp., Ceodes umbellifera, Metrosideros polymorpha, Tectaria gaudichaudii, Psidium cattleianum, Heptaplurum actinophyllum, Miconia crenata, and others. Preserved_Specimen Fronds rouhly 1 m long or more, Midrib prominent on lower surface, trapezoidal in cross section. Also prominent on upper surface but not as strong as in Asplenium nidus. Possibly a hybrid with Asplenium nidus but the basal part of frond typical of that of Asplenium musifolium. Cortex mostly pale-white instead of green as in the more dry mesic populations. Thomas, M.K. 674 Oahu BISH 2024-05-29
2 Asplenium musifolium Ahupuaa of Maunawili, ili of Ainoni. Growing on Aleurites moluccana in gulch along Maunawili trail in lowland wet forest. Area dominated by Falcataria falcata, Ardisia elliptica, Citharexylum caudatum, and Psidium cattleianum. Also growing in proximity to Asplenium nidus. Preserved_Specimen Large Birds-nest fern with midrib very prominent on the underside of frond. Midrib trapezoidal in cross section. Thomas, M.K. 995 Oahu BISH 2025-02-24
3 Asplenium musifolium Olokui, Wailau, Wailele Stream ridge between upper forks, on mossy trunk Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23309 Molokai BISH 1948-02-06
4 Asplenium musifolium SW of Haena; 4 miles along Na Pali Coast Trail In lowland rain forest with Aleurites, Cordyline, Osmanthus, Pandanus, etc. Preserved_Specimen rosette shaped fern, 10 inches at base, lvs. to 3 ft. Henrickson, J.S. 3980 Kauai BISH 1969-07-30
5 Asplenium musifolium W Maui, Wailena Gulch Occasional on trees. Preserved_Specimen Rhizome upright; fronds pressed. Crosby, M.R. 1833 Maui BISH 1964-07-15
6 Asplenium musifolium Waianae Mts., Puu Kaala, E ridge woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 9942 Oahu BISH 1929-10-13
7 Asplenium musifolium Wailau Valley in woods, on tree trunk Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13220 Molokai BISH 1933-07-03
8 Asplenium musifolium R hand branch, Pahole gulch, Waianae Mts on Pisonia Preserved_Specimen ~6' across in diam. Herat, T. 487 Oahu BISH 1973-07-23
9 Asplenium musifolium East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden In Pandanus forest surrounding Pi`ilanihale Heiau on rough a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Extremely common fern, growing either as an epiphyte or terrestrialy. Some plants almost 8 ft across nest. Flynn, T.W. 2401 Maui BISH 1987-10-07
10 Asplenium musifolium Kahuaawi Gulch on rock in woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 4008 Molokai BISH 1928-05-12
11 Asplenium musifolium Palawai gulch, Southern Waianae Mountains. Growing in mesic forest on top of a mossy boulder. Growing with Thuidium cymbifolium, Crepidomanes minutum, Isopterygium albescens, Lepisorus thunbergianus, Plagiochila, and others. Surrounding forest dominated by Toona ciliata, Ceodes umbellifera, Christella parasitica, Microlepia strigosa, Planchonella sandwicensis, Psidium cattleianum, Schinus terebinthifolius, and others. Preserved_Specimen Large nest forming fern. Midrib prominent on undersurface, trapezoidal in cross section. Keel not as sharp as in Asplenium australasicum. Frond apex varying from acute to broad and mucronate. Thomas, M.K. 331 Oahu BISH 2022-04-06
12 Asplenium musifolium Wailupe valley in Laulaupoe gulch. Southeastern Koolau mountains Growing on rock boulder on steep slope in mesic forest. Growing with Psidium cattleianum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Aleurites moluccana, Diospyros sandwicensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Pittosporum glabrum, Eugenia reinwardtiana, Metrosideros polymorpha, Odontosoria chinensis, Oplismenus hirtellus, Crepidomanes parvulum, Fissidens delicatulus, and others. Preserved_Specimen Birds nest fern with fronds reaching 1.5 m, weakly petiolate at base. Fronds variable from lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, minutely mucronate/acuminate at tip on most fronds. Midrib with flattened keel on bottom, nearly flat above, cross section trapezoidal. Rachis on upper surface with a groove at base that disappears distally. Thomas, M.K. 428 Oahu BISH 2022-08-13
13 Asplenium musifolium North, Waiahookalo Stream rocky slopes of valley; with Psidium guajava, Syzygium malaccense, Diospyros sandwicensis, Metrosideros, Nestegis, Kalanchoe pinnata, Zingiber zerumbet; in trees Preserved_Specimen large nest epiphyte, fronds spreading ~45 deg. Lorence, D.H. 5421 Molokai BISH 1987-07-31
14 Asplenium musifolium Puu Kalena, Waianae Kai, Waianae Mts on rocks Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12949 Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
15 Asplenium musifolium North, Waiahookalo Stream rocky slopes of valley; with Psidium guajava, Syzygium malaccense, Diospyros sandwicensis, Metrosideros, Nestegis, Kalanchoe pinnata, Zingiber zerumbet; in trees Preserved_Specimen large nest epiphyte, fronds spreading ~45 deg. Lorence, D.H. 5421 Molokai BISH 1987-07-31
16 Asplenium musifolium Ahupuaa of Kalauao. Central Koolau mountains. Central-makai portion of gulch. Growing on Diospyros sandwicensis in remnant mesic forest with Psidium cattleianum, Psydrax odorata, Alyxia stellata, Rockia sandwicensis, Rauvolfia sandwicensis, Notelea sanddwicensis, Carex meyenii, Dicranopteris linearis, Cibotium chamissoi, Schinus terebinthifolius, Setaria palmifolia, and others. Preserved_Specimen Small fern Thomas, M.K. 1001 Oahu BISH 2025-03-08
17 Asplenium musifolium gulch E of Puu Kaupakuhale, Mokuleia, Kamananui, Puu Kaala, Waianae Mts moist Preserved_Specimen Swezey, O.H. Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
18 Asplenium musifolium Hauula, Koolau Range, head of Papali gulch crotch of tree, 10' above ground; rainforest Preserved_Specimen Wilson, K.A. 159 Oahu BISH 1952-10-26
19 Asplenium musifolium Hakipuu. Cultivated by Kay Lynch. Growing in pot on side of house under exotic secondary forest canopy. Originally cultivated from spores collected in the Koolau mountains. Preserved_Specimen Fronds oblanceolate, linear, radiating form central rhizome forming a basket. Midrib dark brown/purple, mostly prominent on undersurface and mostly flat on upper surface. Thomas, M.K. 437 Oahu BISH 2022-08-26
20 Asplenium musifolium Cultivated plant in home garden in Niu valley. Growing in partial shade in potting soil mixed with coco coir. Plant was taken from a fallen log on Hawaii Loa ridge trail roughly halfway to the koolau summit. Preserved_Specimen Medium sized fern with erect rhizome and forming a basket. Fronds oblong spathulate with a short petiole at base. Basal scales mostly black and clathrate, some dark brown, lanceolate. Midrib in cross section prominent on undersurface, forming a flat ridge (essentially trapezoidal). Thomas, M.K. 408 Oahu BISH 2022-06-10
21 Asplenium musifolium Along the Hanapepe river Near the falls Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2056 Kauai BISH 1895-07-24
22 Asplenium musifolium Puu Hapapa, Waianae Mts above spring Preserved_Specimen Lum, M. 620401138 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
23 Asplenium musifolium Halawa Stream rocky bank Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12656 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
24 Asplenium musifolium Mapulehu Valley in gulch, on trees Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12777 Molokai BISH 1932-12-28
25 Asplenium musifolium North, Waiahookalo Stream rocky slopes of valley; with Psidium guajava, Syzygium malaccense, Diospyros sandwicensis, Metrosideros, Nestegis, Kalanchoe pinnata, Zingiber zerumbet; in trees Preserved_Specimen large nest epiphyte, fronds spreading ~45 deg. Lorence, D.H. 5421 Molokai BISH 1987-07-31
26 Asplenium musifolium USA, Hawaiian Islands, Maui, West Maui, Iao Valley, Nakalaloa Stream on south side of valley, 2100, Aspect: E. Plants common along stream epiphytic and lithophytic. Preserved_Specimen Pezzillo, Z. 1158 Maui BISH 2025-05-09
27 Asplenium musifolium Pahole NAR near Makua rim. Ahupuaa of Mokuleia. Mesic forest dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha, Planchonella sandwicensis, Schinus terebinthifolius, Psidium cattleianum, Microlepia setosa, Cibotium chamissoi, Dicranopteris linearis, Psydrax odorata, and Alyxia stellata. Also growing with Haplopteris elongata. Preserved_Specimen Large nest forming fern with simple fronds. Sori linear. Midrib prominent on undersurface of frond and trapezoidal in cross section. Thomas, M.K. 441 Oahu BISH 2022-09-09
28 Asplenium musifolium W Maui, Wailena Gulch Occasional on trees. Preserved_Specimen Rhizome upright; fronds pressed. Crosby, M.R. 1833 Maui BISH 1964-07-15
29 Asplenium musifolium E ridge, Puu Hapapa, Honouliuli, Waianae Mts on trees or ground Preserved_Specimen bases 6' high St.John, H. 10420 Oahu BISH 1930-03-16
30 Asplenium musifolium Makaha Valley, Waianae Mts rainforest, ridge, on tree Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25113 Oahu BISH 1953-05-03
31 Asplenium musifolium Between Kalapana and Kapoho by road Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1929-08-04
32 Asplenium musifolium Kahuaawi Gulch on rock in woods Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 4008 Molokai BISH 1928-05-12
33 Asplenium musifolium Palawai gulch, Southern Waianae Mountains. Growing in mesic forest on top of a mossy boulder. Growing with Thuidium cymbifolium, Crepidomanes minutum, Isopterygium albescens, Lepisorus thunbergianus, Plagiochila, and others. Surrounding forest dominated by Toona ciliata, Ceodes umbellifera, Christella parasitica, Microlepia strigosa, Planchonella sandwicensis, Psidium cattleianum, Schinus terebinthifolius, and others. Preserved_Specimen Large nest forming fern. Midrib prominent on undersurface, trapezoidal in cross section. Keel not as sharp as in Asplenium australasicum. Frond apex varying from acute to broad and mucronate. Thomas, M.K. 331 Oahu BISH 2022-04-06
34 Asplenium musifolium Ahupuaa of Waimano. Central Koolau mountains. Growing in Schinus terebinthifolius and on boulders in mesic gulch bottom along streambed. Growing with Psidium cattleianum, Polystachya concreta, Oplismenus, Stachytarpheta, Rubus rosifolius, Biancea decapetala, Psidium guajava, Psydrax odorata, Metrosideros polymorpha, and others. Preserved_Specimen Large birds nest ferns with midrib protruding mostly on bottom, small kine on top. Midrib cross section trapezoidal. Scales with large cells, mostly black cell walls, and mostly pale. Thomas, M.K. 751 Oahu BISH 2024-09-25
35 Asplenium musifolium Hawaii Loa ridge, Southeastern Koolau mountains. Disturbed mesic forest dominated by Psidium cattleianum and Schinus terebinthifolius. Also growing with Diospyros sandwicensis, Psydrax odorata, Adenophorus tamariscinus, Peperomia tetraphylla, Leucobryum gracile, Pyrrhobryum spiniforme, and Carex meyenii. Preserved_Specimen Nest forming fern rooted in soil. Leaves short petiolate with abundant dark gray brown scales, some almost black. Midrib prominent on undersurface, distinctly trapezoidal in cross section. Not keeled as in Asplenium australasicum and not prominent on upper surface as in A. nidus sensu Holttum. Thomas, M.K. 258 Oahu BISH 2022-02-10
36 Asplenium musifolium Kipapa gulch, Koolau Mts moist gully on trees Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1042 Oahu BISH 1933-05-28
37 Asplenium musifolium W ridge of Honomuni Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen epiphyte St.John, H. 25209 Molokai BISH 1953-12-23
38 Asplenium musifolium Hoalulu Valley, Hanakapiai moist lower woods, epiphytic Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23178 Kauai BISH 1948-01-01
39 Asplenium musifolium Kipapa Trail, ~1/2 mi from refuge boundary wet lowland forest; Metrosideros, Acacia, Dicranopteris; in fork of Psychotria mariniana Preserved_Specimen fern, epiphyte; blades simple, shuttlecock arrangement, fertile Reynolds, L.S. 146 Oahu BISH 2006-06-15
40 Asplenium musifolium Waikane, Waikane-Waiahole divide dry, wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 507 Oahu BISH 1932-03-13
41 Asplenium musifolium Kahuaawi Gulch. On rocks in woods. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 4008 Molokai BISH 1928-05-12
42 Asplenium musifolium Kawaiiki Ditch Trail, Kawailoa, Koolau Mts On tree in open dry forest. Preserved_Specimen epiphyte, 1.5 m broad Higgins, N.H. 11 Oahu BISH 1955-10-09
43 Asplenium musifolium Hoomaluhia botanical garden visitor center. Cultivated in courtyard area as Asplenium nidus. Growing with true A. Nidus as well as Nephrolepis cordifolia, Heliconia spp., Anthurium spp., Dianella sandwicensis, Metrosideros polymorpha, and others. Preserved_Specimen Midrib mostly protruding on bottom surface. Cross section of midrib trapezoidal. Fronds reducing to a short petiole at the base. Scales brown, narrowly lanceolate, and with small cells. Cell walls a light reddish brown throughout. Thomas, M.K. 744 Oahu BISH 2024-09-18
44 Asplenium musifolium East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden In Pandanus forest surrounding Pi`ilanihale Heiau on rough a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Extremely common fern, growing either as an epiphyte or terrestrialy. Some plants almost 8 ft across nest. Flynn, T.W. 2401 Maui BISH 1987-10-07
45 Asplenium musifolium Piko Trail, Keaau Makua FR, Waianae Mts wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen tuft on ground St.John, H. 12257 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
46 Asplenium musifolium Waiomao. Ahupuaa of Waikik, ili of Palolo. Growing on rocky ledge next to large Mangifera indica. Gulch dominated by Epipremnum aureum, Syxygium malaccense, Psidium guajava, Odontonema cuspidata, Ardisia elliptica, and other exotics. Preserved_Specimen Fronds forming a birds nest. Midrib slightly bulging on upper surface, more prominent below with a blunt ridge. Scales with thick, black cell walls. Thomas, M.K. 808 Oahu BISH 2024-10-12
47 Asplenium musifolium Hauula - Koolau Range; near head of Papali Gulch. Rain forest. Preserved_Specimen In crotch of tree 10 feet above ground. Wilson, K.A. 159 Oahu BISH 1952-10-26
48 Asplenium musifolium Pahole NAR near Makua rim. Ahupuaa of Mokuleia. Mesic forest dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha, Planchonella sandwicensis, Schinus terebinthifolius, Psidium cattleianum, Microlepia setosa, Cibotium chamissoi, Dicranopteris linearis, Psydrax odorata, and Alyxia stellata. Also growing with Haplopteris elongata. Preserved_Specimen Large nest forming fern with simple fronds. Sori linear. Midrib prominent on undersurface of frond and trapezoidal in cross section. Thomas, M.K. 441 Oahu BISH 2022-09-09
49 Asplenium musifolium Laulaupoe. Ahupuaa of Waikiki, ili of Wailupe. Southeastern Koolau Mountains. Growing in Mesic forest on rotting Diospyros sandwicensis. Area dominated by Diospyros sandwicensis, D. Hillebrandii, Metrosideros polymorpha, Euphorbia arnottiana, Kadua acuminata, Psychotria kaduana, Psidium cattleianum, Microlepia setosa, Schinus, and others. Preserved_Specimen Birds nest fern with midrib bulging below, slightly bulging above, trapezoidal in cross section. Yessah blessah Thomas, M.K. 974 Oahu BISH 2025-01-23
50 Asplenium musifolium Makaha. Northern Waianae mountains. Growing in mesic-dry forest on slope of a gulch on the side of a mossy boulder. Growing with Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Strongylodon ruber, Toona ciliata, Schinus terebinthifolius, Ceodes brunoniana, Diospyros sandwicensis, Polyscias kavaiensis, Microlepia setosa, Asplenium contiguum, Vandenboschia davallioides, Christella parasitica, Thuidium cymbifolium, Leucobryum gracile, Crepidomanes parvulum, and others. Preserved_Specimen Large, basket forming fern with broadly oblanceolate leaves, midrib prominent on undersurface. Cross section of midrib revealing a trapezoidal shaped keel. Leaves winged to nearly the base, fronds with a very short petiole. Thomas, M.K. 436 Oahu BISH 2022-08-24
51 Asplenium musifolium East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala National Park, Kipahulu Valley, Palikea Stream Exotic plants consisting of Microsorium, Mangifera and Psidium guajava. Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5777 Maui BISH 1977-04-29
52 Asplenium musifolium ridge between Palolo and Waialae Nui Valleys dry slope, shade of bushes Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9716 Oahu BISH 1933-08-03
53 Asplenium musifolium Kulepeamoa. Ahupuaa of Waikiki, ili aina of Niu. Southeastern Koolau Mountains. Growing on large boulders on wooded slope in dry/mesic forest. Associated with Fissidens delicatulus, Leucobryum gracile, Peperomia tetraphylla, Sida fallax, Bobea sandwicensis, Diospyros hillebrandii, Planchonella sandwicensis, Odontosoria chinensis, and others. Preserved_Specimen Large colony of birds nest fern. Midrib mostly prominenet on undersurface. Scales with thick walls. Thomas, M.K. 976 Oahu BISH 2025-01-24
54 Asplenium musifolium Makuu, Puna on hala in dense hau forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30689 Hawaii BISH 1966-05-20
55 Asplenium musifolium S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, E of Puu Kamana, Waipio, Koolau Mts. mossy tree trunk Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11635 Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
56 Asplenium musifolium Wailupe valley in Laulaupoe gulch. Southeastern Koolau mountains. Growing on rock boulder on steep slope in mesic forest. Growing with Psidium cattleianum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Aleurites moluccana, Diospyros sandwicensis, Planchonella sandwicensis, Pittosporum glabrum, Eugenia reinwardtiana, Metrosideros polymorpha, Odontosoria chinensis, Oplismenus hirtellus, Crepidomanes parvulum, Fissidens delicatulus, and others. Preserved_Specimen Birds nest fern with fronds reaching 1.5 m, weakly petiolate at base. Fronds variable from lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, minutely mucronate/acuminate at tip on most fronds. Midrib with flattened keel on bottom, nearly flat above, cross section trapezoidal. Rachis on upper surface with a groove at base that disappears distally. Thomas, M.K. 428 Oahu BISH 2022-08-13
57 Asplenium musifolium Kulepeamoa. Ahupuaa of Waikiki, ili aina of Niu. Southeastern Koolau Mountains. Growing on large boulders on wooded slope in dry/mesic forest. Associated with Fissidens delicatulus, Leucobryum gracile, Peperomia tetraphylla, Sida fallax, Bobea sandwicensis, Diospyros hillebrandii, Planchonella sandwicensis, Odontosoria chinensis, and others. Preserved_Specimen Large colony of birds nest fern. Midrib mostly prominenet on undersurface. Scales with thick walls. Thomas, M.K. 976 Oahu BISH 2025-01-24
58 Asplenium musifolium Ahupuaa of Kaipapau. Northern Koolau mountains. Epiphytic on large Mango tree in lowland wet forest. Also growing with Pandanus tectorius, Prtichardia martii, Psidium cattleianum, Citharexylum caudatum, Ardisia elliptica, Cyrtandra laxiflora, and others. Preserved_Specimen Medium sized birds nest fern with the midrib very promient on the bottom, slightly bulging on top. Midrib more or less trapezoidal in cross section. Thomas, M.K. 980 Oahu BISH 2025-02-04
59 Asplenium musifolium Kona, Manuka, Govt. Rd Ohia forest; damp, shaded; on trees and rocks Preserved_Specimen 3' x 15 fern; rhizome short thick erect Russ, G.W. 42 Hawaii BISH 1927-06-01
60 Asplenium musifolium Niu Valley in rock crevice Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 57761 Oahu BISH 1932-08-21
61 Asplenium musifolium Along the Hanapepe river Near the falls Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2056 Kauai BISH 1895-07-24
62 Asplenium musifolium Lualualei, Waianae In dry forest. Preserved_Specimen Nested epiphyte. Takeuchi, W.N. Oahu BISH 1992-09-30
63 Asplenium musifolium Hilo forest Preserved_Specimen Newell, Brother M. Hawaii BISH 1910-01-01
64 Asplenium musifolium S. Palawai gulch, Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Wilbur, R.L. 591 Oahu BISH 1948-03-27
65 Asplenium musifolium Kalauao-Waimalu ridge, Ewa FR, Koolau Mt wet woods, on trunk Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13006 Oahu BISH 1933-03-29
66 Asplenium musifolium Waipio Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4639 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-16
67 Asplenium musifolium 2nd gulch E of Puu Kaupakuhale, Mokuleia, Kamananui, Puu Kaala, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12133 Oahu BISH 1932-10-23
68 Asplenium musifolium Aiea, W of Honolulu Preserved_Specimen Epiphyte, DNA sample. Kato, M. 1045 Oahu BISH 1998-08-29
69 Asplenium musifolium Halawa Valley to falls Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 499 Molokai BISH 1912-08-31
70 Asplenium musifolium Halawa Valley to falls Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 499 Molokai BISH 1912-08-31
71 Asplenium musifolium Kalaupapa; Kauhako crater, SW zone Preserved_Specimen large terrestrial fern Wysong, M.L. 508 Molokai BISH 2004-12-07
72 Asplenium musifolium Honomalino, S. Kona in thicket of guava and Aleurites on branches on ground Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22501 Hawaii BISH 1946-12-31
73 Asplenium musifolium Halawa Valley to falls Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 499 Molokai BISH 1912-08-31
74 Asplenium musifolium Kaliuwaa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5 Oahu BISH 1908-08-01
75 Asplenium musifolium Haupu Mountain, Mahaulepu, southern Kauai Terrestrial. Preserved_Specimen Higgins, N.H. 143 Kauai BISH 1956-12-31
76 Asplenium musifolium S of Hilo 19.7N 155.1W Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 611227021 Hawaii BISH 1961-12-27
77 Asplenium musifolium Hanakapiai Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 153 Kauai BISH 1953-01-02
78 Asplenium musifolium East Maui, Upper trail Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Maui BISH 1908-12-18
79 Asplenium musifolium Mountains E end of island Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 97 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
80 Asplenium musifolium Keaau Makua FR, Waianae Mts., Piko Trail Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
81 Asplenium musifolium Oahu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 137 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
82 Asplenium musifolium R fork, Niu Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 452 Oahu BISH 1920-06-29
83 Asplenium musifolium Oahu Preserved_Specimen Judd, J.R. 71 Oahu BISH 1888-01-01
84 Asplenium musifolium unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
85 Asplenium musifolium Waipio Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4639 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-16
86 Asplenium musifolium Waipio Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4639 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-16
87 Asplenium musifolium Waianae Mts.; Puu Hapapa 21.4N 158.1W Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620401138 Oahu BISH 1962-04-01
88 Asplenium musifolium Kahuaawi Gulch Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 4008 Molokai BISH 1928-05-12
89 Asplenium musifolium Kaliuwaa Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5 Oahu BISH 1908-08-01
90 Asplenium musifolium Hanakapiai Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 153 Kauai BISH 1953-01-02
91 Asplenium musifolium Palolo-Waialae ridge Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 501 Oahu BISH 1927-01-27
92 Asplenium musifolium R fork, Niu Valley Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 452 Oahu BISH 1920-06-29
93 Asplenium musifolium On the way to Kipahulu Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1769 Maui BISH 1919-12-08
94 Asplenium musifolium Peacock Flats, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 3090 Oahu BISH 1973-08-11
95 Asplenium musifolium Halawa Valley to falls Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 499 Molokai BISH 1912-08-31
96 Asplenium musifolium Halawa Valley to falls Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 499 Molokai BISH 1912-08-31
97 Asplenium musifolium Waipio Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4639 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-16
98 Asplenium musifolium Peacock Flats, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 3090 Oahu BISH 1973-08-11
99 Asplenium musifolium Hanakapiai Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 153 Kauai BISH 1953-01-02
100 Asplenium musifolium Waipio Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 4639 Hawaii BISH 1909-07-16
101 Asplenium musifolium Mountains E end Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 97 Lanai BISH 1913-06-01
102 Asplenium musifolium East Maui, Upper trail Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Maui BISH 1908-12-18
103 Asplenium musifolium Oahu Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition Oahu BISH 1838-01-01
104 Asplenium musifolium Puu Hapapa, Honouliuli, Waianae Mts Preserved_Specimen Nakagawa, S. Oahu BISH 1930-10-20
105 Asplenium musifolium East Maui, Upper trail Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Maui BISH 1908-12-18
106 Asplenium musifolium unknown Preserved_Specimen Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. BISH 1817-01-01
107 Asplenium musifolium Oahu or Hawaii (Kona or Kilauea) Preserved_Specimen Lack, F. BISH 1880-01-01
108 Asplenium musifolium unknown Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) 112 BISH
109 Asplenium musifolium ridge W of Kalihi Valley Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-08-18
110 Asplenium musifolium Palolo. Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. 1014 Oahu BISH 1907-11-17
111 Asplenium musifolium Hanakapiai Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 153 Kauai BISH 1953-01-02
112 Asplenium musifolium unknown Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) BISH
113 Asplenium musifolium beyond Nuuanu Pali on tree kukui Preserved_Specimen Brigham, W.T. 383137 Oahu BISH
114 Asplenium musifolium Kului gulch. Southeastern Koolau Mountains. Ahupuaa of Waikiki Diverse remnant mesic forest. Growing with Xylosma hawaiiense, Ochrosia compta, Carex meyenii, Nephrolepis exaltata, Doodia kunthiana, Haplopteris elongata, Santalum freycinetianum, Syzygium sandwicense, Acacia koa, Diospyros sandwicensis, Metrosideros polymorpha, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, and others. Preserved_Specimen Large basket forming fern with midrib prominent on undersurface, especially near the base of the frond. Midrib cross section an upside down trapezoid. Plants epiphytic on Diospyros sandwicensis. Thomas, M.K. 468 Oahu BISH 2022-10-21
115 Asplenium musifolium Waikolu Valley, below Puu Kaeo steep valley wall, wet forest, on mossy trunk Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23460 Molokai BISH 1948-12-22
116 Asplenium musifolium USA, Hawaiian Islands, Maui, West Maui, Iao Valley, Nakalaloa stream on south side of valley, 2100, Aspect: E. Plants common along stream on south side of valley, epophytic and lithophytic. Preserved_Specimen Pezzillo, Z. 1158 Maui BISH 2025-05-09
117 Asplenium musifolium Hanakaiai, Napali Coast on a rock Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10908 Kauai BISH 1930-12-31
118 Asplenium musifolium head of Makua Valley, Waianae Mts dry side of steep gulch Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9066 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
119 Asplenium musifolium Along the Hanapepe river Near the falls Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2056 Kauai BISH 1895-07-24
120 Asplenium musifolium Haupu, (Hoary Head Mts.), Kipu moist forest, great rosette growing on rocks Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13678 Kauai BISH 1933-12-25
121 Asplenium musifolium Palikea. Southern Waianae mountains. Growing on side of boulder in Schinus and Cryptomeria forest with native elements such as Metrosideros polymorpha, Kadua affinis, Psychotria marininana, lLabordia kaalae, Diplazium sandwichinaum and others. Preserved_Specimen Basket/nest forming fern with long lanceolate/spathulate fronds. Cross sction of midrib trapezoidal, midrib prominent on undersurface and more or less flat to bulgin on upper surface. Thomas, M.K. 420 Oahu BISH 2022-07-29
122 Asplenium musifolium Hawaii Loa, Southeastern Koolau Mountains. On wooded slope facing Niu. Growing in mesic forest patch dominated by Psidium cattleianum, Schinus terebinthifolius, Diospyros sandwicensis, and Psydrax odorata. Also growing with Carex wahuensis, C. meyenii, Microsorum grossum, Nephrolepis exaltata, Euphorbia arnottiana, Microlepia strigosa, and Bidens sandvicensis. Preserved_Specimen Large nest forming plants with lanceolate blades. Midrib prominent on undersurface, distictly trapezoidal in cross section. At distal part of blade, midrib more or less slighlty bulging on upper surface, but mostly prominent on bottom. Thomas, M.K. 333 Oahu BISH 2022-04-09
123 Asplenium musifolium Piko Trail, Keaau Makua FR, Waianae Mts wooded gulch Preserved_Specimen tuft on ground St.John, H. 12257 Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
124 Asplenium musifolium Along the Hanapepe river Near the falls Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2056 Kauai BISH 1895-07-24
125 Asplenium musifolium East Maui, Hana District, Kalahu Point, PTBG Kahanu Garden In Pandanus forest surrounding Pi`ilanihale Heiau on rough a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Extremely common fern, growing either as an epiphyte or terrestrialy. Some plants almost 8 ft across nest. Flynn, T.W. 2401 Maui BISH 1987-10-07
126 Asplenium musifolium Manoa, slope of Tantalus, Honolulu hau tangle Preserved_Specimen epiphyte Degener, O. 113 Oahu BISH 1923-02-12
127 Asplenium musifolium Along the Hanapepe river Near the falls Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2056 Kauai BISH 1895-07-24
128 Asplenium musifolium Puna, Kupaahu and NW area near gulch, wide fissure in aa, with hala and oheohe Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3012 Hawaii BISH 1959-07-04
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